1934 Macht und Erde (Power and Earth) is published by German geopolitician Karl Haushofer/ It implies that a dynamic Germany has the natural right to grasp all of Eurasia and dominate the oceanic countries. Based in part on British political geographer Halfor John Mackinder’s 1904 paper “The Geographical Pivot of History,” Haushofer’s theories of geopolitics have helped shape Adolf Hitler’s demands for lebensraum (living space).