1920 The Jewish population of the Holy Land had shrunk to some 60,000 during the last years of Turkish rule. The postwar years saw renewed Jewish immigration to Palestine, with some 35,000 people arriving from Europe and America in the years 1919-23. To the alarm of the existing Arab population, the Zionist movement was now developing teeth, and 1920 saw the foundation of the armed Jewish protection movement, the Haganah.