1960
President Eisenhower signs a bill authorizing judges to appoint referees to aid blacks to register and vote in federal elections. The bill also outlaws bombing and mob action to restrict voting.
1960
John F. Kennedy, the Democratic candidate for President, telephones Coretta King to express concern about her husband's arrest during an Atlanta sit-in. Kennedy then sends his brother, Robert, to speak to
the judge handling the case. The Republican candidate, Richard Nixon, remains aloof. Kennedy's actions are credited with tipping the states of Michigan and Illinois into his column and enabling him to win in a very close election. In all, Kennedy receives over two thirds of the black vote.
1960
The "sit-in" era starts at a Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, when four blacks from a local college sit down and refuse to move. Soon blacks and white supporters are being trained in passive resistance techniques by the Congress of Racial Equality. Sit-ins spread to Nashville, Montgomery, and other cities. Before the year is over, lunch counters in Greensboro, San Antonio, and other places are desegregated. In Atlanta, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee is formed to organize activities. Church kneel-ins and beach wade-ins soon join lunch counter and bus station sit-ins. Houston desegregates schools, but delay tactics stall progress in other parts of the South.
1960
The Negro American Labor Council is founded in New York by A. Philip Randolph, who believes the AFL-CIO is paying little more than lip service to desegregation in unions.
1960
Adolf Eichmann is kidnapped by the Mossad (Israeli intelligence) in Villa San Fernando, Argentina, and is smuggled out of the country aboard an Israeli commercial airliner.
1960
The first integration suit in the North occurs in New Rochelle, New York, as black parents sue to end defacto segregation of New Rochelle schools. The case is won in 1961.
1960 January
French Prime Minister MIchel Debre flies to Algiers to defuse a crisis provoked by armed
settlers occupying the University of Algiers. Debre threatens to resign if troops fire upon the settlers.
1960 February 1
Four black college students begin a sit-in protest at a lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, where they had been refused service.
1960 April 19
South Korean President Syngman Rhee is toppled in anationwide pro-democracy student uprising that was protestingelection fraud.
1960 May 19
The Belgian parliament passes a law requiring a day of rest for the self-employed.
1960 June 1
Paula Hitler, Adolf Hitler's only surviving full-sibling, dies. Since neither Adolf nor Paula had children, there are no known living descendants of Alois and Klara Hitler. (Payne)
1960 August 12
The first balloon satellite, the Echo 1, is launched by the United States from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
1960 August 13
The first two-way telephone conversation by satellite takes place with the help of Echo 1, a U.S. balloon satellite.
1960 August 18
President Eisenhower approves a $13 million budget for a secret CIA-run guerrilla war against Fidel Castro and his followers in Cuba.
1960 December 16
A United Air Lines DC-8 and a TWA Super Constellation collide over New York City, killing 134 people.
