1923
Marcus Garvey, is sentenced to a five-year jail term in New York for mail fraud. He charges that most of his troubles stem "from my opponents of the colored race... light colored Negroes who think that the Negro can always develop in this country... resent... that I, a black Negro, am their leader."
1923
Dr. Fritz Lenz becomes Germany's first professor of racial hygiene.
1923
A dialogue between Hitler and Eckart is published in Munich under the title Bolshevism from Moses to Lenin. It reflects their
opinion that the Jews have represented the occult power of revolutionary subversion throughout history and are responsible for deflecting humankind from its natural path. (Wistrich I)
1923
Hitler and Walter Riehl of the Austrian DNSAP split over strategy and tactics.
1923
Designer Willy Messerschmitt opens an aircraft manufacturing plant at Augsburg, Germany. Three years later he will produce his first all-metal plane.
1923
Leo Schlageter, an insurgent against the French in the Ruhr, is executed. He quickly becomes a much celebrated Nazi martyr and hero. After 1933, The Catholic Church will often attempt to capitalize on Schlagter's Catholicism.
1923
General Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain.
1923
Gregor Schwartz-Bostunitsch becomes a member of Rudolf Steiner's Anthroposophy movement.
1923
Trotsky, in a series of essays labeled as "The New Course," bitterly criticizes the growing bureaucracy of the party and argues for greater centralized planning. Much of his hostility is directed against Stalin, whom he is said to loathe. In response, Stalin states his own
position as "socialism in one country," the antithesis of Trotsky's advocacy of a world revolution.
1923
Physicist Hermann Oberth publishes The Rocket into Planetary Space, which inspires many young Germans, including Werner von Braun, with the idea of space travel.
1923
The first issue of "Der Stürmer," a viciously antisemitic newspaper, is published in Nuremberg. It's slogan is "The Jews are our misfortune." (Atlas)
1923
Ferdynand (Fernand) Ossendowski publishes "Men, Beasts and Gods" in London. Variously described as a Polish engineer or a Russian writer, Ossendowski traveled through Siberia and Mongolia after the Russian Revolution and wrote of local Buddhist beliefs in the subterranean kingdom of Agartha (Agarthi) where the King of the World was said to reign. The names Agartha and Schamballah become known in western Europe for the first time. (Men, Beasts and Gods, Roots)
1923
The Treaty of Lausanne establishes the boundaries of modern Turkey.
1923 January
Inflation cripples the German economy. In 1918, the exchange rate, four marks to the dollar in 1918, is now more than 7,000 to the dollar.
1923 January 1
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is proclaimed.
1923 January 13
Announcement of passive resistence by Germans in the Ruhr. (Eyes)
1923 January 28
The first National Socialist Party Day is held in Munich. Munich will continue to be Hitler's primary headquarters until he comes to power in 1933.
1923 February
Hitler publishes an article in the newspaper published by Walter Riehl's Austrian Nazi Party (DNSAP). (See August 1918)
1923 February 24
There are mass arrests of Mafia members in the U.S.
1923 March 4
The League of National Defense is founded by Professor
Alexandru Cuza and Corneliu Codreanu in Romania.
1923 April
Johann Walthari Wölfl, an Austrian industrialist who
had become Prior of Werfenstein following Lanz von Liebenfels' departure for
Hungary, begins issuing the Tabalarium, a monthly diary intended for a
restricted circulation among ONT brothers. (Roots)
1923 April
Sebottendorff moves to Lugano, Switzerland, where he
completes his occult treatise on the Baktashi dervishes and their relationship
to alchemists and Rosicrucians. He will remain in Switzerland through 1924. (Roots)
1923 April 13
Hitler makes another speech in Munich calling for all loyal Germans to stand by his movement and to fight against Jewish influence and power. Speech
